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1.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 13(2): 55-63, May.-Aug. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1519900

RESUMO

Resumen Pese a los esfuerzos de las autoridades sanitarias, la presencia de información falsa o poco certera ha provocado que un porcentaje de la población mexicana se encuentra reticente a recibir la vacuna contra el COVID-19. De este modo el objetivo del presente estudio es determinar en adultos mexicanos el rol mediador de las creencias negativas sobre la vacuna y la percepción de riesgo en la relación de las creencias conspirativas y la intención de vacunación contra el COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que se aplicaron las escalas mediante una plataforma en línea. Las hipótesis fueron probadas mediante la técnica multivariada de análisis de senderos. Los resultados indican que las creencias conspirativas predijeron directamente menor intención de vacunación, asimismo, esta relación se encuentra parcialmente mediada por las creencias negativas sobre la vacuna y la percepción de riesgo. Los hallazgos sugieren que la adhesión a creencias conspirativas sobre el origen del CO-VID-19 favorecen el desarrollo de temor a los efectos secundarios de la vacuna y la reducción de la percepción de riesgo, convirtiéndose así, en la principal barrera de la intención de vacunación contra el COVID-19.


Abstract Despite the efforts of the health authorities, the presence of false or inaccurate information has caused a percentage of the Mexican population to be reluctant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, the objective of the present study is to determine in Mexican adults the mediating role of negative beliefs about the vaccine and the perception of risk in the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which the scales were applied through an online platform. The hypotheses were tested using the multivariate trail analysis technique. The results indicate that conspiratorial beliefs directly predicted less vaccination intention, likewise, this relationship is partially mediated by negative beliefs about the vaccine and the perception of risk. The findings suggest that adherence to conspiracy beliefs about the origin of COVID-19 favor the development of fear of vaccine side effects and reduced risk perception, thus becoming the main barrier to vaccination intention against the COVID-19.

2.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 38(2): e1503, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408449

RESUMO

Introducción: La hemofilia es un trastorno hemorrágico que causa dolor y daños articulares graves. Las personas con esta condición de salud suelen presentar problemas psicosociales como baja autoestima y dificultad para enfrentar la enfermedad, lo cual puede impactar negativamente en su calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS). Objetivo: Analizar el efecto predictor de la autoestima y las estrategias de afrontamiento hacia la CVRS en personas con hemofilia. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de tipo correlacional, con muestra por conveniencia, realizado en 60 participantes con hemofilia, edades comprendidas entre 15 y 67 años (media = 27,43, desviación estándar = 11,32). Se utilizaron los cuestionarios: Calidad de Vida Específica para Hemofilia, Autoestima y Afrontamiento al Dolor Crónico. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple con el método por pasos. Resultados: Se obtuvo que el nivel de CVRS fue mayormente moderado; sin embargo, se observaron niveles bajos en las dimensiones Deporte y tiempo libre y Futuro. La dimensión Éxito de la escala de autoestima correlacionó positivamente con las dimensiones Deporte y tiempo libre (r(60)= 0,59), Salud física (r(60)=0,54) y Autopercepción (r(60)=0,48) de la escala calidad de vida; además de haber mostrado un nivel alto de predicción de la calidad de vida (R 2 = 0,35, p= 0,00). Conclusiones: Se comprobó que la autoestima resulta ser una variable predictora de la CVRS de los pacientes con hemofilia. Se requiere fortalecer la autoestima y la manera de enfrentarse ante el dolor crónico en personas con este padecimiento en pro de su calidad de vida y bienestar(AU)


Introduction: Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that causes severe pain and damage to the joints. People with this health condition often present psychosocial problems such as low self-esteem and difficulty facing their disease, which can negatively impact their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objective: To analyze the predictive effect of self-esteem and coping strategies towards HRQL in people with hemophilia. Methods: This was a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational study, with a convenience sample, carried out in 60 participants with hemophilia, ages between 15 and 67 years (mean = 27.43, standard deviation = 11.32). The Specific Quality of Life for Hemophilia, Self-esteem and Coping with Chronic Pain questionnaires were used. Descriptive analyzes. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were performed with the stepwise method. Results: It was found that the level of HRQL was mostly moderate, however, low levels were observed in the Sports and free time and Future dimensions. The Success dimension of the self-esteem scale positively correlated with the Sports and free time dimensions (r(60) = 0.59). Physical health (r(60) = 0.54) and Self-perception (r(60) = 0.48) of the quality of life scale, in addition to having shown a high level of prediction of quality of life (R2 = 0.35, p = 0.00). Conclusions: It was found that self-esteem turns out to be a predictor variable of HRQL in patients with hemophilia. It is necessary to strengthen self-esteem and the way of coping with chronic pain in people with this condition in favor of their quality of life and well-being(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Adaptação Psicológica , Análise de Regressão , Dor Crônica , Hemofilia A , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Salud ment ; 45(3): 105-113, May.-Jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395094

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction The rapid spread of the pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, more commonly known as COVID-19, required sanitary measures, such as social distancing and quarantining, which represented non-normative stressors for Mexican families. Objective Obtaining evidence of the validity and reliability of a family coping scale in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A questionnaire was developed containing 48 items, and responses were collected using Google forms with a total of 558 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to obtain the reliability and validity of the scale. Results The instrument is made up of six factors that explain 67.27% of the variance. The scale had a McDonald's omega coefficient of .82, and the model had a good fit with most values equal to or higher than .90. Discussion and conclusions The final items showed proper theoretical congruence and good indicators of fit. These results allow for the assertion that factors 1, 2, 5, and 6 allude to a good family adaptation in the face of the pandemic. Meanwhile, factors 3 and 4 indicate a poor family adaptation. Among the main contributions of this study is that this is one of the first scales to address the subject in Mexico, followed by statistical data that suggests the scale possesses appropriate psychometric properties to be used in the Mexican population.


Resumen Introducción La rápida propagación de la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2, más conocido como COVID-19, requirió medidas sanitarias, como el distanciamiento social y la cuarentena, que representan estresores no normativos para las familias mexicanas. Objetivo Obtención de evidencia de la validez y confiabilidad de una escala de afrontamiento familiar ante la pandemia por COVID-19. Método Se desarrolló un cuestionario que contenía 48 ítems y las respuestas se recopilaron mediante un formulario de Google con un total de 558 participantes. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para obtener la confiabilidad y validez de la escala. Resultados El instrumento está compuesto por seis factores que explican el 67.27% de la varianza. La escala tuvo un coeficiente Omega de McDonald's de .82, y el modelo tuvo un buen ajuste con la mayoría de los valores iguales o superiores a .90. Discusión y conclusiones Los ítems finales mostraron adecuada congruencia teórica y buenos indicadores de ajuste. Estos resultados permiten afirmar que los factores 1, 2, 5 y 6 aluden a una buena adaptación familiar ante la pandemia. Por su parte, los factores 3 y 4 indican mala adaptación familiar. Entre los principales aportes de este estudio se encuentra que esta es una de las primeras escalas que aborda el tema en México, seguido de datos estadísticos que sugieren que la escala posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para ser utilizada en población mexicana.

4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35270450

RESUMO

Lockdown is considered to be a successful strategy for preventing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To predict the behavioral intention to stay under lockdown (BIKL), components of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the behavioral indicators of infection were applied. Sampling was conducted between 11 April and 30 May 2020. The objective of the study was to identify factors predictive of BIKL by means of a structural equation model. Method: A correlational and comparative repeated measures study was conducted with a sample of 315 participants from different cities in Mexico. Results: Model indices were χ2 = 505.1, SD = 228, p < 0.001, χ2/SD = 2.2, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.06, and SRMR = 0.06; 47% of BIKL was explained by the variables attitude (ß = 0.71, p < 0.001), subjective norm (ß = 0.14, p = 0.042), and behavioral control (ß = 0.24, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Personal and family work conviction and persuasion are favorable for the maintenance of lockdown, including concepts of civic responsibility, a positive attitude, and a family that supports compliance with lockdown. From a governmental point of view, there is a context that promotes control over the situation and exerts a positive impact on the behavioral intention to stay under lockdown.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Humanos , Intenção , Pandemias/prevenção & controle
5.
Univ. psychol ; 12(2): 531-545, may.-agos. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-689614

RESUMO

El Instrumento de Temor a la Evaluación Social Negativa (ITESN) ha mostrado evidencias de validez y confiabilidad al utilizarse en muestras culturalmente distintas y al traducirse a diferentes idiomas (Duke et al., 2006; Gallego, 2010; Gallego et al., 2007; Weeks et al., 2005; Tavoli et al., 2009). Dada la relevancia del estudio de la ansiedad y fobia social, y con la intención de aportar herramientas para estudiar estas variables en muestras mexicanas, este proyecto presenta evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de una traducción al castellano del ITESN (Leary, 1983) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ciudad de México. Se realizaron análisis de discriminación de reactivos, factoriales exploratorios y factoriales confirmatorios mediante modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran una estructura unifactorial que agrupa ocho de los doce reactivos del instrumento original, explica el 53.8 % de la varianza total y muestra consistencia interna adecuada (α = 0.88). Se obtienen evidencias de validez de criterio del ITESN, así: a) se asocia positivamente con el Instrumento de Ansiedad Rasgo y b) mediante un procedimiento experimental, se observan asociaciones positivas entre el ITESN y mediciones de ansiedad estado y motivación de autopresentación ante la expectativa de conocer a otra persona. Se discute el funcionamiento de los cuatro reactivos redactados de forma negativa y la interpretación teórica de las relaciones que respaldan la validez de criterio.


The Brief fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) has shown good validity and reliability properties in different cultural samples, as well as when it has been translated to other languages (Duke et al., 2006; Gallego, 2010; Gallego et al., 2007; Weeks et al., 2005; Tavoli et al., 2009). Given the relevance of the study of anxiety and social phobia and the need for research tools for Mexican samples, this study presents validity and reliability evidences for a translation to Spanish language of the BFNE (Leary, 1983) in a sample of undergraduate students from Mexico City. Psychometric tests included discrimination analysis for each item, principal component factorial analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling. Results show a one factor structure with just eight of the 12 original items. It explains 53.8% of total variance and has good reliability ( α = 0.88). In addition, evidence was found concerning criterion validity for the BFNE: a) It correlates positively with a Trait Anxiety Scale; and b) through an experimental procedure, positive correlations for the BFNE with a State Anxiety Scale and a Self-Presentation Motivation Scale when participants had the expectation of being introduced to another person. The discussion verses in relation to the performance of score reversed items and the theoretical meaning of items and to the observed relationships that support the criterion validity of this translation to Spanish language of the BFNE scale.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Psicometria
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